Polishing is the core process for improving the uniformity of marble tile surface gloss. It requires a multi-step, synergistic approach to optimize both physical grinding and chemical crystallization. This process relies not only on precise matching of equipment and materials but also on meticulous control of process parameters to ensure a mirror-like finish.
The rough grinding stage lays the foundation for flatness. This stage uses low-grit diamond resin hard abrasive blocks, employing mechanical pressure and high-speed rotation to remove surface machining marks and minor irregularities. Sufficient water supply must be maintained during operation to reduce frictional heat, while a crisscross grinding path ensures even coverage. If original defects exist on the marble tile surface, rough grinding can correct them simultaneously, but over-grinding must be avoided to prevent edge collapse. The key to this stage is controlling the depth of cut—thoroughly eliminating surface imperfections while leaving a reasonable allowance for subsequent fine grinding.
The fine grinding stage focuses on revealing the texture and forming an initial gloss. When switching to high-grit soft water abrasive pads, the grinding pressure needs to be appropriately reduced to prevent surface scratches. During this process, the natural texture of the marble tiles gradually becomes clear, and the uniformity of mineral particle distribution directly affects the gloss transition. Frequent checks of the grinding pads are necessary, with timely replacement to prevent uneven gloss due to localized pressure. The finely ground surface should exhibit a uniform matte texture, providing an ideal base for subsequent crystallization polishing.
The fine grinding stage uses extremely fine-grit grinding pads to achieve microscopic surface smoothness. Strict control of grinding speed and pressure is required in this stage to form a dense crystalline structure on the marble tile surface. During fine grinding, the water absorption rate of the marble tiles significantly decreases, and the surface density increases, creating conditions for crystallizing agent penetration. A special coolant is required during operation to reduce friction temperature and remove grinding debris, preventing secondary scratches. The finely ground surface should have preliminary specular reflection, but gloss still needs further enhancement through the crystallization process.
The crystallization polishing stage is crucial for achieving uniform gloss. A combination of crystallizing powder containing nanomaterials and animal hair pads is used, with the heat generated by mechanical friction activating the active ingredients in the crystallizing agent. These components react chemically with the calcium on the surface of the marble tiles, forming a dense modified crystalline layer. During operation, it is necessary to work in sections, controlling the polishing area each time to ensure the crystallizer reacts fully. The key at this stage is to maintain a stable polishing machine speed to avoid localized overheating or insufficient reaction due to speed fluctuations.
The choice of polishing compound directly affects the durability and uniformity of the gloss. A high-quality crystallizer should have suitable viscosity and penetrability, filling micropores and forming a uniform crystalline film on the surface. The amount of crystallizer used must be adjusted according to the marble tile material. For varieties with high water absorption, the number of applications can be increased to enhance coverage. Residual agents must be removed promptly after polishing to prevent the formation of gloss spots after curing.
Precise control of equipment parameters is the core technology for ensuring uniform gloss. The polishing machine's speed, pressure, and travel speed must be dynamically balanced. Excessive speed can cause premature curing of the crystallizer, while insufficient pressure will affect the density of the crystalline layer. Operators need to adjust parameters in real time based on feedback from the marble tile surface, for example, appropriately reducing pressure in areas with dense texture and increasing the number of polishing applications in flat areas. Furthermore, proper equipment maintenance is crucial. Regular calibration and replacement of worn parts can prevent gloss fluctuations caused by mechanical vibration.
Environmental factors are often overlooked but have a significant impact. Polishing operations must be performed in a constant temperature and humidity environment. Temperature fluctuations can cause changes in the crystallizing agent's reaction rate, while excessive humidity may affect the drying of the crystal layer. The work area must be kept clean to prevent dust from adhering to the uncured crystal layer surface. After polishing, marble tiles need to be left to cure to allow the crystal layer to fully harden. During this period, touching or placing heavy objects on them should be avoided to prevent surface scratches or gloss distortion. Through the synergistic effect of the above processes, a uniform, transparent, and wear-resistant crystal layer can be formed on the surface of marble tiles, with a gloss level of over 90 degrees, and a consistent mirror effect can be achieved from different viewing angles.
